Each winter, we all are warned about the influenza virus. However, there is another common virus that presents itself at this time as well: respiratory syncitial virus or RSV.
RSV is a respiratory virus, which occurs in epidemics almost every winter. The virus is found in nasal secretions of infected individuals and is spread by droplets and secretions from sneezes, coughs, saliva, as well as direct hand-to-eye or hand-to-nose contact. Unfortunately, like the common cold, people do not develop permanent immunity to the virus. In older children and adults, RSV usually presents itself like a bad cold. Symptoms usually consist of runny nose, nasal congestion, low-grade fever, and a wet cough. The illness usually resolves in two weeks with plenty of rest and fluids.
RSV affects children younger than 2 years of age more severe. These children are at higher risk of getting a condition called bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis is the inflammation of the smaller airways leading to the lungs. Tight breathing and wheezing, which is a high-pitched whistling sound made during breathing out, can be seen due to this inflammation. The wheezing and tight breathing become worse initially in the first few days and then begin to improve. The wheezing can last approximately one week while the cough and runny nose can last for two full weeks. The most common complication of bronchiolitis is an ear infection. Bacterial pneumonia is an uncommon complication. Only two percent of children with bronchiolitis require hospitalization for supplemental oxygen or intravenous fluids. Children born prematurely or with chronic heart or lung conditions may be candidates to receive monthly injections of synagis, RSV antibody, prior to and through the winter season.
The best treatments for bronchiolitis include warm fluids, humidity, head positioning, and nasal washings. Warm fluids usually relax the airway while a humidifier loosens the sticky mucus making it easier for your child to breathe. Nasal washings also can help with most stuffy noses. Placing three drops of warm water or saline in each nostril and after one minute suctioning with a soft rubber blue bulb can loosen and remove secretions. Elevating your child’s head during sleeping and feeding will encourage easier mucus flow. Encouraging your child to drink plenty of fluids is important. Eating is often tiring, so offer your child formula or breast milk in smaller amounts and more frequent intervals. Lastly, antibiotics are not helpful to treat RSV unless your child develops an ear infection or pneumonia.
RSV can be tested in the office by a nasal suction test. If you are concerned that your child might have RSV, a visit to your pediatrician is recommended. Immediate exam is necessary if your child develops any troubled breathing, rapid breathing, wheezing or high fever.
For more information, please call 661- 253-9009.