Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that involves much more than the ovaries. Due to abnormal hormone production, there is an impact on fertility, the risk of diabetes and heart disease, self-esteem and body image. First identified in 1935, it affects up to one in 10 women with the symptoms often beginning in the teen years. It seems to run in families, so the chance of having PCOS is higher if other women in your family have it. The cause of PCOS is unknown. It is known, however, to be an endocrine disorder with a malfunction in the production and excretion of typical female hormones, estrogen and progesterone, and an increase in testosterone and insulin levels.
Due to the increase in testosterone levels, signs and symptoms of increased androgen effects are usually evident. Acne, increased hair on the face and belly, darkened skin in areas of the neck, axilla, skin folds and external genitalia may be present and can cause much distress to a woman of any age. Central obesity, with its own impact on self-esteem, raises more serious risks of insulin resistance, diabetes and heart disease. Menstrual irregularities are often a presenting complaint and are the result of the abnormal amounts of multiple hormones. Symptoms tend to be mild at first and, if left untreated, overtime PCOS can lead to serious health problems as mentioned above.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other conditions with similar signs and symptoms are ruled out by taking a thorough history, performing a detailed physical exam and interpreting blood tests. Sometimes an ultrasound is done but the presence or absence of multiple cysts does not impact this diagnosis.
The first step in managing PCOS is to get regular exercise and eat a healthy diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, beans, and low fat meat choices. Medicines to balance hormones may also be used which will reduce unpleasant symptoms. But more important, medications can help prevent possible long-term health problems. Birth control pills, natural progesterone, diabetes medication and fertility meds, if appropriate to a patient’s needs, are all options for a woman with PCOS.
To discuss your risk for polycystic ovary syndrome and schedule an exam, call Caring for You at 661-284-2400.