Theory of Mind in ADHD
The cognitive ability known as theory of mind allows us to understand that other people have mental states such as thoughts, ideas and knowledge that are different from our own. Deficits in theory of mind, commonly found in people with Asperger’s and other related disorders, create barriers to social interaction, such as difficulty understand the actions, perspectives, reactions and intentions of others. When ADHD is severe enough, its resulting behaviors and characteristics can include theory-of-mind challenges.
How to Help an ADHD Child Develop Better Theory of Mind
ADHD children not only benefit from explicit explanation for behavior, sometimes they need it. If the child in your care behaves in a way that is socially inappropriate or representative of an issue with theory of mind, talk to him about the behavior. Ask him to consider its effect on others. For example, if he walked away from someone who was talking to him, ask him to think about how it would feel if the same had been done to him.
While a typically developing child gleans implicit understanding of social behavior, oftentimes the child with ADHD requires specific instruction in this regard. In addition to reviews of problem behavior, use the power of repetition and check in with your child regularly about successful social interactions. Focus on the perspectives of all people involved as a reminder for him to pay more attention to others in future encounters.
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