Vaccinating Against Kennel Cough

 Kennel Cough, or Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease, is actually a complex of organisms that cause clinical signs. One of the most common organisms found to cause disease is Bordetella bronchiseptica which is one of the main bacteria that we vaccinate against. Kennel cough is transmitted from dog to dog through close contact with respiratory secretions, such as coughing or sneezing. This is why we often see it occur after a dog has been boarded, at the groomers, dog park or doggie day care. Kennel cough mostly affects the upper respiratory passages including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi. In severe cases and if not treated it may also affect the lower airways and can lead to pneumonia.
There are two types of immunity that come in to play when vaccinating against Bordetella- IgA and IgG. IgA is the immunoglobulin present in high levels in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and trachea. IgG is not found in high levels in the mucous membranes layer unless there has been significant tissue damage in the area, but rather can be found in the lower airway passages. When we vaccinate for kennel cough using the modified- live oral or intranasal vaccines, the IgA immunoglobulin is stimulated to protect against Bordetella, and prevents the organism from adhering to mucosal epithelium. The oral and intranasal vaccinations also will stimulate IgG and provides protection in the lower airways as well. This is in contrast to the injectable type of vaccine which only stimulates IgG and so only provides protection in the lower airways and little to no protection in the upper airways where Bordetella invades first.
While both the oral and intranasal Bordetella vaccinations are very effective, the new oral vaccine is even easier to administer and does not lead to your dog sneezing most of the vaccine out like the intranasal one does. When your dog’s boosters are due, ask your veterinarian about the oral administration option to make your pet’s vet visit even easier.
Cinema Veterinary Centre is located at 23460 Cinema Drive, Suite L in Valencia. For details call 661-253-9300.